# AtCoder Beginner Contest 188 题解

视频题解 (opens new window)

# Problem A - Three-Point Shot (opens new window)

直接判断是否满足XY2|X-Y|\leq2即可。

时间复杂度O(1)\mathcal{O}(1)

参考代码 (Python 3)
x, y = map(int, input().split())
print('Yes' if abs(x - y) <= 2 else 'No')
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# Problem B - Orthogonality (opens new window)

直接计算即可。

时间复杂度O(N)\mathcal{O}(N)

参考代码 (Python 3)
n = int(input())
a = list(map(int, input().split()))
b = list(map(int, input().split()))
print('Yes' if sum(ai * bi for ai, bi in zip(a, b)) == 0 else 'No')
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# Problem C - ABC Tournament (opens new window)

找出前一半的最大值和后一半的最大值,二者中较小的那一个对应的序号就是最后的答案。

时间复杂度O(2N)\mathcal{O}(2^N)

参考代码 (Python)
n = int(input())
a = list(map(int, input().split()))
half = 1 << (n - 1)
left_win = 0
for i in range(half):
    if a[i] > a[left_win]:
        left_win = i
right_win = half
for i in range(half, 1 << n):
    if a[i] > a[right_win]:
        right_win = i
if a[left_win] > a[right_win]:
    print(right_win + 1)
else:
    print(left_win + 1)
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# Problem D - Snuke Prime (opens new window)

提示

本题题解已经重写

最初我们的时间区间是[0,+)[0,+\infty)。每一个服务都会将这一区间分割为若干不重合的子区间。比如说,如果我们有[1,4][1,4][3,8][3,8]两个服务,将会得到如下的区间(注意我们删去了最左端的[0,0][0,0]):

[1,2],[3,4],[5,8],[9,+)[1,2],[3,4],[5,8],[9,+\infty)

这些区间也可以被写作:

[1,3),[3,5),[5,9),[9,+)[1,3),[3,5),[5,9),[9,+\infty)

要表示这些区间,我们只需要它们的左端点,也即1,3,5,91,3,5,9。可以看到,这些左端点或者来自于aia_i,或者来自于bi+1b_i+1。这是因为只有一个服务的开始或结束才会对当前的总费用产生影响。由于[ai,bi][a_i,b_i]是一个闭区间,服务开始的时间是aia_i,但结束的时间实际上是bi+1b_i+1。从第aia_i天开始,总费用会增加cic_i,而从第bi+1b_i+1天开始,总费用会减少cic_i.

得到这些区间之后,我们需要计算每个区间内的花费,并将其与CC,也即订阅会员服务的费用进行比较。每个区间的长度可以利用下一区间的起点和这一区间的起点作差得到。

我们可以用两种方式来处理这些区间:

  1. (麻烦)我们可以对区间端点进行离散化,然后用差分数组求和的方式计算出每一区间内的花费。
  2. (简单)我们可以用一个map来存储每个关键时间点(aia_ibi+1b_i+1,也即区间起点)上的费用变化,然后按顺序处理区间,对这些变化进行累加。

两种方法的时间复杂度都是O(NlogN)\mathcal{O}(N\log N),因为我们总是需要对时间点进行排序。

参考代码(C++,离散化)
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;

int main() {
  int N;
  ll C;
  cin >> N >> C;
  vector<int> a(N), b(N), c(N);
  set<int> s;
  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
    cin >> a[i] >> b[i] >> c[i];

    // We only need a[i] and b[i]+1 to represent the final segments.
    // For example, [1, 4] and [3, 8] will make
    // [1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 8] and [9, +inf].
    // We need 1, 3, 5, and 9 to represent these segments.
    s.insert(a[i]), s.insert(b[i] + 1);
  }

  // Discretize the endpoints.
  int idx = 0;
  map<int, int> mp;
  for (int si : s)
    mp[si] = idx++;
  int M = s.size();
  vector<int> v(s.begin(), s.end());

  // Use a difference array to handle the services.
  vector<ll> diff(M);
  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i)
    diff[mp[a[i]]] += c[i], diff[mp[b[i] + 1]] -= c[i];

  // Accumulate the difference array to get the value of each segment.
  // At the same time, add to the total cost.
  vector<ll> acc(M);
  acc[0] = diff[0];
  ll ans = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < M - 1; ++i) {
    if (i >= 1)
      acc[i] = acc[i - 1] + diff[i];
    int span = v[i + 1] - v[i];
    ans += min(C, acc[i]) * span;
  }
  cout << ans;
}
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参考代码(C++,map)
#include <iostream>
#include <map>
#include <set>
#include <vector>

using namespace std;
typedef long long ll;

int main() {
  int N;
  ll C;
  cin >> N >> C;
  vector<int> a(N), b(N), c(N);
  set<int> s;
  map<int, ll> changes;
  for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
    cin >> a[i] >> b[i] >> c[i];

    // We only need a[i] and b[i]+1 to represent the final segments.
    // For example, [1, 4] and [3, 8] will make
    // [1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 8] and [9, +inf).
    // They can also be seen as [1, 3), [3, 5), [5, 9) and [9, +inf].
    // We need 1, 3, 5, and 9 to represent these segments.
    s.insert(a[i]), s.insert(b[i] + 1);

    // We use a map to store the change of cost on each critical day.
    changes[a[i]] += c[i];
    changes[b[i] + 1] -= c[i];
  }

  vector<int> v(s.begin(), s.end());
  int M = v.size();

  ll ans = 0, acc = 0;
  for (int i = 0; i < M - 1; ++i) {
    // Deal with the starting and ending of segments.
    acc += changes[v[i]];

    // Add to the total cost.
    ans += min(C, acc) * (v[i + 1] - v[i]);
  }
  cout << ans;
}
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# Problem E - Peddler (opens new window)

NN开始倒序进行动态规划即可。

时间复杂度O(N+M)\mathcal{O}(N+M)

参考代码 (C++)
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#define MAXN 200005

using namespace std;

int main() {
  int N, M;
  cin >> N >> M;

  vector<int> A(N + 1);
  for (int i = 1; i <= N; ++i)
    cin >> A[i];

  vector<vector<int>> adj(N + 1);
  for (int i = 0; i < M; ++i) {
    int u, v;
    cin >> u >> v;
    adj[u].emplace_back(v);
  }

  vector<int> hi(N + 1, -1e9);
  int ans = -1e9;
  for (int i = N; i >= 1; --i) {
    for (int v : adj[i])
      hi[i] = max(hi[i], hi[v]);
    ans = max(ans, hi[i] - A[i]);
    hi[i] = max(hi[i], A[i]);
  }
  cout << ans;
}
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# Problem F - +1-1x2 (opens new window)

  • 如果XYX\geq Y,答案为XYX-Y
  • 如果X<YX<Y,采用BFS求解。为了减少状态分支数,从YY而非XX开始。对于每一个当前值YY',首先尝试用d+YXd+|Y'-X|更新最优解。然后,如果Y>XY'>X,再进一步考虑使用三种操作:
    • 如果YY'为偶数,则÷2\div2×2\times2的逆操作)
    • 如果YY'为奇数,考虑+1+11-1。 特别地,如果当前队首元素的操作步数已经大于等于最优解,则提前结束搜索。
参考代码 (Python)
from collections import deque

X, Y = map(int, input().split())
if X >= Y:
    print(X - Y)
else:
    ans = Y - X
    dq = deque([(Y, 0)])
    vis = set([Y])
    while dq:
        u, d = dq.popleft()
        if d >= ans:
            break
        ans = min(ans, d + abs(u - X))
        if u <= X:
            continue
        if u % 2 == 0:
            if u // 2 not in vis:
                vis.add(u // 2)
                dq.append((u // 2, d + 1))
        else:
            if u + 1 not in vis:
                vis.add(u + 1)
                dq.append((u + 1, d + 1))
            if u - 1 not in vis:
                vis.add(u - 1)
                dq.append((u - 1, d + 1))
    print(ans)
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